40. Perpetually offering to exchange or to sacrifice is a draw. (See examples in Diagram 101 through 104)


Diagram 101: Red (in Capital) moves first

R8+1 r++3
R8-3 r+-2
R8+2 r+-3
R8+3 r++2
R8-2 ....
Explanation:
Red keeps trying to exchange or sacrifice the Rook. Since the Black Rook is free to move, Red does not violate the rule and this game can be a draw.

Diagram 102: Red (in Capital) moves first

R7=3 r6=7
R3=2 r7=8
R2=4 r8=6
R4=1 r6=9
R1=2 r9=8
....

Diagram 103: Red (in Capital) moves first

R8-3 r4-1
R8+1 r4-2
R8+2 r4-3
R8-3 ....

Explanation:
In Diagrams 102 and 103 neither side violates the rule and the games can be ruled as draws.

Diagram 104: Red (in Capital) moves first

P7=8 r2=3
P8=7 r3=2
P7=8 r2=3
P8=7 r3=2
P7=8 ....

Explanation:
The Black Rook perpetually threatens to checkmate and the Red Pawn perpetually tries to sacrifice. Neither side violates the rule and the game is a draw.

Appendix: Example of Perpetual Chase

P7=6 e1+3
P6=7 e3-1
P7=8 e5+3
P8=7 e3-5
P7=6 ....

Explanation:
Red keeps moving its Pawn to keep the Black Knight "unprotected". This constitutes the Red Rook perpetually chasing the unprotected Black Knight. Red is violating the rule.

Example of Non-Perpetual Chase

R2+1 c8+1
R2-1 c8-1
R2+1 c8+1
R2-1 c8-1
R2+1 ....

Explanation:
Each of Red Rook's move is threatening the Black Cannon but the Black Cannon does not try to escape or seek for protection. This is not a perpetual chase and does not violate the rule.

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